Ory is the largest open source community in the world for cloud software application security. We maintain advanced open source security software solving authentication, authorization, access control, application network security, and delegation. Ory implements a variety of industry and best-practice standards including OAuth 2.0 / OAuth 2.1, OpenID Connect, Zero Trust Networking, Google Zanzibar Policy Framework, FIDO2 U2F, WebAuthn, TOTP, and more.

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Can someone explain what an AuthenticationSession is exactly and what would be an example of  an AuthenticationSession object?

I couldn't find any references to 'AuthenticationSession' in Kratos. Where did you stumble upon it?

In fact i noticed it on oathkeeper <https://www.ory.sh/oathkeeper/docs/next/pipeline#session> but i was thinking maybe its related to Kratos

Oh, now that makes more sense. I'm not currently using Oathkeeper, but my best guess is that it lets you access information extracted by the authenticator (and it doesn't matter whether it comes from a cookie, jwt, or something else)