To programmatically login a user and set a cookie in the browser for end-to-end tests, you can use the Ory Elements library. This library provides convenience functions to test the login, registration, recovery, verification, and settings flows. The tests are located in the

e2e

folder and are based on the Playwright library. Here is a general process: 1. Initialize the Login Flow by calling the login initialization endpoint and set

Accept: application/json

. This can be done using a

curl

command:

bash curl -v -s -X GET \       -H "Accept: application/json"  \       <https://playground.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/browser> | jq

2. After initializing the login flow, you will receive a response that includes a

Set-Cookie

header. This cookie needs to be included in subsequent requests to maintain the user session. 3. To complete the login, you need to send a POST request to the action URL obtained from the initialization step. This request should include the user's identifier (username or email), password, and the CSRF token obtained from the initialization step.

bash curl -s --cookie $cookieJar --cookie-jar $cookieJar -X POST \       -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \       --data '{ "identifier": "'$username'", "password": "'$password'", "method": "password", "csrf_token": "'$csrfToken'" }' \       "$actionUrl"

4. If the login is successful, Ory Identities responds with a HTTP 200 OK which includes a

Set-Cookie

header and a JSON response. The

Set-Cookie

header contains the session cookie, which signifies that the user is logged in. Please note that these steps are for a general case and might need to be adjusted based on your specific setup and requirements. For more details, you can refer to the following documentation: - [End-to-end tests](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/bring-your-own-ui/custom-ui-ory-elements#end-to-end-tests) - [Initialize login flow](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-for-client-side-ajax-browser-clients) - [Successful login](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#client-side-browser-clients-ajax)