I apologize, but I don't have enough information in the provided knowledge sources to give a complete answer to your question about specific Keto configurations for 'guest' and 'customer' users, or detailed Oathkeeper access rules for the '/abc' and '/xyz' endpoints. The knowledge sources don't contain this specific information. However, I can provide some general information about Oathkeeper access rules based on the available sources: Oathkeeper access rules are typically defined in a JSON or YAML format. Here's a basic structure of an access rule in JSON format:

json {   "id": "some-id",   "version": "v0.36.0-beta.4",   "upstream": {     "url": "<http://my-backend-service>",     "preserve_host": true,     "strip_path": "/api/v1"   },   "match": {     "url": "<http://my-app/some-route/<.*>>",     "methods": ["GET", "POST"]   },   "authenticators": [{ "handler": "noop" }],   "authorizer": { "handler": "allow" },   "mutators": [{ "handler": "noop" }],   "errors": [{ "handler": "json" }] }

[API access rules](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/api-access-rules#examples) To create access rules for specific endpoints and users, you would need to configure the appropriate authenticators, authorizers, and possibly mutators. However, without specific information about your Keto setup and desired authentication/authorization flow, I can't provide the exact configuration you need. For making HTTP requests to test these rules, you would typically use curl commands. The exact format would depend on your specific setup, but here's a general example:

curl -X GET <http://my-app/some-route>

To include authentication, you might add headers, like this:

curl -X GET -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' <http://my-app/some-route>

[JWT access rule example](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn#jwt-access-rule-example) For more detailed configuration and specific access rules, you would need to refer to your specific Keto and Oathkeeper setup, and design the rules according to your authentication and authorization requirements.

I apologize for the confusion in my previous response. Thank you for clarifying that

customer

and

guest

are example user types, and

/abc

and

/xyz

are example endpoints. I'll provide a more relevant answer based on this information and the available knowledge sources. To create Oathkeeper access rules for these example scenarios, we can define two rules: one for the

/abc

endpoint accessible by both

customer

and

guest

, and another for the

/xyz

endpoint accessible only by

guest

. Here's an example of how these rules might look:

yaml - id: "abc-endpoint-rule"   upstream:     url: "<http://my-backend-service/abc>"     preserve_host: true   match:     url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/abc>"     methods:       - GET   authenticators:     - handler: cookie_session   authorizer:     handler: allow   mutators:     - handler: noop  - id: "xyz-endpoint-rule"   upstream:     url: "<http://my-backend-service/xyz>"     preserve_host: true   match:     url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/xyz>"     methods:       - GET   authenticators:     - handler: cookie_session   authorizer:     handler: keto_engine_acp_ory     config:       required_action: "access"       required_resource: "xyz-endpoint"       subject: "{{ .Extra.identity.traits.username }}"   mutators:     - handler: noop

[Access rule format](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/api-access-rules#access-rule-format) In this example, we're using the

cookie_session

authenticator, which checks for a valid session cookie. The

/abc

endpoint uses the

allow

authorizer, which permits access to all authenticated users. The

/xyz

endpoint uses the

keto_engine_acp_ory

authorizer, which we can configure to only allow access to users with the

guest

role. To implement this, you would need to set up Ory Keto with appropriate permissions. Here's an example of how you might structure the permissions in Keto: 1. Create a relation tuple for the

guest

user:

guest:username#access@xyz-endpoint

2. For the

customer

user, you wouldn't create this relation tuple, effectively restricting their access to the

/xyz

endpoint. To test these rules, you can use curl commands like this: For the

/abc

endpoint (accessible by both

customer

and

guest

):

curl -X GET -b 'ory_kratos_session=<session-cookie>' <http://127.0.0.1:4455/abc>

For the

/xyz

endpoint (only accessible by

guest

):

curl -X GET -b 'ory_kratos_session=<session-cookie>' <http://127.0.0.1:4455/xyz>

Replace

<session-cookie>

with an actual session cookie for a

guest

or

customer

user. [Cookie session access rule example](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn#cookie_session-access-rule-example) Please note that this is a simplified example and may need to be adjusted based on your specific Ory setup and requirements. The actual implementation would depend on how you've configured your Ory Kratos for identity management and Ory Keto for permission management.

Thank you for providing more details about your requirements. I'll modify the answer based on this new information. To handle multiple guests and customers, with many endpoints accessible only to customers, we can use Ory Oathkeeper with JWT authentication and Ory Keto for authorization. Here's an example of how we might set this up: 1. Oathkeeper Access Rules:

yaml
- id: "customer-endpoints"
  upstream:
    url: "<http://my-backend-service>"
    preserve_host: true
  match:
    url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/customer/<**>>"
    methods:
      - GET
  authenticators:
    - handler: jwt
  authorizer:
    handler: keto_engine_acp_ory
    config:
      required_action: "access"
      required_resource: "customer-endpoints"
  mutators:
    - handler: id_token

- id: "public-endpoints"
  upstream:
    url: "<http://my-backend-service>"
    preserve_host: true
  match:
    url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/public/<**>>"
    methods:
      - GET
  authenticators:
    - handler: jwt
  authorizer:
    handler: allow
  mutators:
    - handler: id_token

[API access rules](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/api-access-rules#access-rule-format) In this setup, all endpoints under

/customer/

are protected and only accessible to customers, while endpoints under

/public/

are accessible to both guests and customers. 2. JWT Configuration: For JWT authentication, you'll need to configure the JWT authenticator in Oathkeeper. Here's an example configuration:

yaml
authenticators:
  jwt:
    enabled: true
    config:
      jwks_urls:
        - <https://your-jwks-url/.well-known/jwks.json>
      target_audience:
        - your-audience-id

[JWT configuration](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn#jwt-configuration) 3. Keto Configuration: In Ory Keto, you'll need to set up relation tuples to define who has access to the customer endpoints. For example:

customer:user1#access@customer-endpoints
customer:user2#access@customer-endpoints

These relation tuples grant access to the

customer-endpoints

resource for users with the customer role. 4. Creating Users: To create users, you would typically use Ory Kratos. However, the exact curl requests depend on your Kratos configuration. Here's a general example of what these requests might look like: For a guest user:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"traits": {"email":"<mailto:guest@example.com|guest@example.com>","name":{"first":"Guest","last":"User"},"role":"guest"}}' <http://127.0.0.1:4433/self-service/registration/api>

For a customer user:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"traits": {"email":"<mailto:customer@example.com|customer@example.com>","name":{"first":"Customer","last":"User"},"role":"customer"}}' <http://127.0.0.1:4433/self-service/registration/api>

5. Accessing Endpoints: To access the endpoints, you would use a curl command with a Bearer token:

curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer <your-jwt-token>" <http://127.0.0.1:4455/customer/some-endpoint>

Thank you for providing more details about your requirements. I'll modify the answer based on this new information. To handle multiple guests and customers, with many endpoints accessible only to customers, we can use Ory Oathkeeper with JWT authentication and Ory Keto for authorization. Here's an example of how we might set this up: 1. Oathkeeper Access Rules:

yaml - id: "customer-endpoints"   upstream:     url: "<http://my-backend-service>"     preserve_host: true   match:     url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/customer/<**>>"     methods:       - GET   authenticators:     - handler: jwt   authorizer:     handler: keto_engine_acp_ory     config:       required_action: "access"       required_resource: "customer-endpoints"   mutators:     - handler: id_token  - id: "public-endpoints"   upstream:     url: "<http://my-backend-service>"     preserve_host: true   match:     url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/public/<**>>"     methods:       - GET   authenticators:     - handler: jwt   authorizer:     handler: allow   mutators:     - handler: id_token

[API access rules](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/api-access-rules#access-rule-format) In this setup, all endpoints under

/customer/

are protected and only accessible to customers, while endpoints under

/public/

are accessible to both guests and customers. 2. JWT Configuration: For JWT authentication, you'll need to configure the JWT authenticator in Oathkeeper. Here's an example configuration:

yaml authenticators:   jwt:     enabled: true     config:       jwks_urls:         - <https://your-jwks-url/.well-known/jwks.json>       target_audience:         - your-audience-id

[JWT configuration](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn#jwt-configuration) 3. Keto Configuration: In Ory Keto, you'll need to set up relation tuples to define who has access to the customer endpoints. For example:

customer:user1#access@customer-endpoints customer:user2#access@customer-endpoints

These relation tuples grant access to the

customer-endpoints

resource for users with the customer role. 4. Creating Users: To create users, you would typically use Ory Kratos. However, the exact curl requests depend on your Kratos configuration. Here's a general example of what these requests might look like: For a guest user:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"traits": {"email":"<mailto:guest@example.com|guest@example.com>","name":{"first":"Guest","last":"User"},"role":"guest"}}' <http://127.0.0.1:4433/self-service/registration/api>

For a customer user:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"traits": {"email":"<mailto:customer@example.com|customer@example.com>","name":{"first":"Customer","last":"User"},"role":"customer"}}' <http://127.0.0.1:4433/self-service/registration/api>

5. Accessing Endpoints: To access the endpoints, you would use a curl command with a Bearer token:

curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer <your-jwt-token>" <http://127.0.0.1:4455/customer/some-endpoint>

Replace

<your-jwt-token>

with an actual JWT token for a customer user. For a public endpoint:

curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer <your-jwt-token>" <http://127.0.0.1:4455/public/some-endpoint>

This token could be for either a guest or customer user. [JWT access rule example](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn#jwt-access-rule-example) Please note that this is a simplified example and may need to be adjusted based on your specific Ory setup and requirements. The actual implementation would depend on how you've configured your Ory stack, including Kratos for identity management, Oathkeeper for access control, and Keto for fine-grained permissions.

If you don't want to add users explicitly in relation tuples, you can leverage Ory Keto's more advanced features, specifically the Ory Permission Language (OPL) and subject set rewrites. This approach allows you to define more dynamic and flexible permission rules without explicitly listing each user in relation tuples. Here's how you can modify the approach: 1. Define roles or groups: Instead of adding individual users to relation tuples, you can create roles or groups and assign users to these roles. For example:

roles:customers#member@user:alice roles:customers#member@user:bob roles:guests#member@user:carol

2. Use the Ory Permission Language (OPL): You can define global permission rules using OPL. These rules can be based on roles rather than individual users. Here's an example:

class CustomerEndpoints {   related: {     viewers: [roles:customers#member, roles:admins#member]   }    permits = {     view: viewers   } }

This rule states that members of the 'customers' or 'admins' roles can view customer endpoints. [What is the Ory Permission Language](https://www.ory.sh/what-is-the-ory-permission-language/) 3. Update Oathkeeper configuration: Modify your Oathkeeper rule to use this new permission structure:

yaml - id: "customer-endpoints"   # ... other configurations ...   authorizer:     handler: keto_engine_acp_ory     config:       required_action: "view"       required_resource: "customer-endpoints"       subject: "{{ .Extra.identity.traits.sub }}"

4. Check permissions: Now, when a user tries to access a customer endpoint, Keto will check if the user is a member of the 'customers' role, rather than looking for an explicit relation tuple for that user. This approach is more scalable and easier to manage, especially as your user base grows. You only need to manage role assignments, and the permissions are automatically applied based on these roles. To implement this, you would use the Ory CLI or API to manage relation tuples for role assignments. For example:

ory create relation-tuples --project <project-id> --workspace <workspace-id> \   roles:customers#member@user:newcustomer

[Manage relation tuples](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/cli/configure-permission-service#manage-relation-tuples) This method allows you to manage permissions at a higher level, dealing with roles and rules rather than individual user-resource relationships, making your system more flexible and easier to maintain as it scales.

Thank you for providing these additional clarifications. I'll address each point and provide a more tailored solution based on the Ory ecosystem. 1. Assigning identities to groups on registration: To assign identities to either the

guests

or

customers

group upon registration, you can use Ory Kratos' hooks feature. Specifically, you can set up an after registration hook that will automatically assign the new user to the appropriate group. Here's how you can configure this in your Kratos configuration file:

yaml
selfservice:
  flows:
    registration:
      after:
        password:
          hooks:
            - hook: web_hook
              config:
                url: <http://your-custom-hook-service/assign-group>
                method: POST
                body: file:///path/to/template.jsonnet

[Ory Actions](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/hooks/configure-hooks) In this setup, after a successful registration, Kratos will send a webhook to your custom service. This service can then determine which group the user should be assigned to (based on registration data or your business logic) and create the appropriate relation tuple in Keto. 2. Group-based permissions: Instead of creating relation tuples for each user, you can create relation tuples for the groups. Here's an example of how you might set this up in Keto:

groups:customers#member@endpoints:customer-endpoints
groups:guests#member@endpoints:public-endpoints

3. Oathkeeper configuration: You can configure Oathkeeper to handle all HTTP methods for the endpoints. Here's an updated access rule:

yaml
- id: "customer-endpoints"
  upstream:
    url: "<http://my-backend-service>"
    preserve_host: true
  match:
    url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/customer/<**>>"
    methods:
      - GET
      - POST
      - PUT
      - DELETE
      - PATCH
  authenticators:
    - handler: jwt
  authorizer:
    handler: keto_engine_acp_ory
    config:
      required_action: "access"
      required_resource: "endpoints:customer-endpoints"
  mutators:
    - handler: id_token

- id: "public-endpoints"
  upstream:
    url: "<http://my-backend-service>"
    preserve_host: true
  match:
    url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/public/<**>>"
    methods:
      - GET
      - POST
      - PUT
      - DELETE
      - PATCH
  authenticators:
    - handler: jwt
  authorizer:
    handler: keto_engine_acp_ory
    config:
      required_action: "access"
      required_resource: "endpoints:public-endpoints"
  mutators:
    - handler: id_token

[Access rule format](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/api-access-rules#access-rule-format) 4. Keto configuration: You can use the Ory Permission Language (OPL) to define more flexible rules:

class Endpoints {
  related: {
    customers: [groups:customers#member]
    guests: [groups:guests#member]
  }

  permits = {
    access: (customers + guests) & !(guests - customers)
  }
}

Thank you for providing these additional clarifications. I'll address each point and provide a more tailored solution based on the Ory ecosystem. 1. Assigning identities to groups on registration: To assign identities to either the

guests

or

customers

group upon registration, you can use Ory Kratos' hooks feature. Specifically, you can set up an after registration hook that will automatically assign the new user to the appropriate group. Here's how you can configure this in your Kratos configuration file:

yaml selfservice:   flows:     registration:       after:         password:           hooks:             - hook: web_hook               config:                 url: <http://your-custom-hook-service/assign-group>                 method: POST                 body: file:///path/to/template.jsonnet

[Ory Actions](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/hooks/configure-hooks) In this setup, after a successful registration, Kratos will send a webhook to your custom service. This service can then determine which group the user should be assigned to (based on registration data or your business logic) and create the appropriate relation tuple in Keto. 2. Group-based permissions: Instead of creating relation tuples for each user, you can create relation tuples for the groups. Here's an example of how you might set this up in Keto:

groups:customers#member@endpoints:customer-endpoints groups:guests#member@endpoints:public-endpoints

3. Oathkeeper configuration: You can configure Oathkeeper to handle all HTTP methods for the endpoints. Here's an updated access rule:

yaml - id: "customer-endpoints"   upstream:     url: "<http://my-backend-service>"     preserve_host: true   match:     url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/customer/<**>>"     methods:       - GET       - POST       - PUT       - DELETE       - PATCH   authenticators:     - handler: jwt   authorizer:     handler: keto_engine_acp_ory     config:       required_action: "access"       required_resource: "endpoints:customer-endpoints"   mutators:     - handler: id_token  - id: "public-endpoints"   upstream:     url: "<http://my-backend-service>"     preserve_host: true   match:     url: "<http://127.0.0.1:4455/public/<**>>"     methods:       - GET       - POST       - PUT       - DELETE       - PATCH   authenticators:     - handler: jwt   authorizer:     handler: keto_engine_acp_ory     config:       required_action: "access"       required_resource: "endpoints:public-endpoints"   mutators:     - handler: id_token

[Access rule format](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/api-access-rules#access-rule-format) 4. Keto configuration: You can use the Ory Permission Language (OPL) to define more flexible rules:

class Endpoints {   related: {     customers: [groups:customers#member]     guests: [groups:guests#member]   }    permits = {     access: (customers + guests) & !(guests - customers)   } }

This rule allows both customers and guests to access public endpoints, but only customers can access customer endpoints. To implement this setup: 1. Create a custom service that handles the webhook from Kratos after registration. This service should determine the appropriate group for the new user and create a relation tuple in Keto. 2. Configure Kratos to send a webhook after registration, as shown above. 3. Set up the Keto relation tuples and OPL rules as described. 4. Configure Oathkeeper with the access rules provided. This approach allows you to manage permissions at a group level, automatically assign users to groups upon registration, and control access to endpoints based on these group assignments, all while allowing any HTTP method specified in the Oathkeeper rules. [What is the Ory Permission Language](https://www.ory.sh/what-is-the-ory-permission-language/) Remember to adjust these configurations according to your specific Ory setup and requirements. The exact implementation may vary depending on your particular use case and how you've configured your Ory stack.

To use Plivo with Ory Kratos for SMS authentication, you'll need to configure Ory Kratos to use Plivo as your SMS delivery service. This involves setting up the courier HTTP channel in your Kratos configuration. Here's how to do it: 1. First, you need to configure the courier HTTP channel in your Kratos configuration file:

yaml courier:   channels:     - id: sms       type: http       request_config:         url: <https://api.plivo.com/v1/Account/{YOUR_PLIVO_AUTH_ID}/Message/>         method: POST         body: |           {             "src": "{YOUR_PLIVO_PHONE_NUMBER}",             "dst": "{{.To}}",             "text": "{{.Body}}"           }         headers:           Content-Type: application/json         auth:           type: basic_auth           config:             user: {YOUR_PLIVO_AUTH_ID}             password: {YOUR_PLIVO_AUTH_TOKEN}

2. Next, you need to configure your identity schema to support phone verification. Add a phone field to your identity schema and mark it as verifiable:

json {   "properties": {     "traits": {       "properties": {         "phone": {           "type": "string",           "format": "tel",           "title": "Phone number",           "<http://ory.sh/kratos|ory.sh/kratos>": {             "verification": {               "via": "sms"             }           }         }       }     }   } }

3. Enable verification in your Kratos configuration:

yaml selfservice:   methods:     code:       enabled: true   flows:     verification:       use: code       enabled: true

4. Customize the SMS templates if needed:

yaml courier:   templates:     verification_code:       valid:         sms:           body:             plaintext: "Your verification code is: {{.Code}}"

This setup will allow Ory Kratos to send verification codes via SMS using Plivo's API. When a user needs to verify their phone number, Kratos will generate a code and send it through Plivo to the user's phone. [SMS delivery configuration](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/emails-sms/sending-sms) [Address verification](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/verify-email-account-activation#phone-number-verification) Remember to replace

{YOUR_PLIVO_AUTH_ID}

,

{YOUR_PLIVO_AUTH_TOKEN}

, and

{YOUR_PLIVO_PHONE_NUMBER}

with your actual Plivo credentials and phone number.