Based on the information provided in the knowledge sources, there are a few possible causes for the "connection refused" error when using Ory webhooks: 1. Incorrect URL configuration: Make sure the webhook URL is correctly configured without any leading or trailing whitespace. As mentioned in the [Error adding webhook in the console](https://github.com/ory/network/issues/328) issue, a leading whitespace in the URL can cause this error. 2. Network connectivity issues: Ensure that your server can reach the webhook endpoint. Check your firewall settings and network configuration. 3. Incorrect IP allowlisting: If you're using IP allowlisting, make sure you've added the correct Ory Network IP addresses to your allowlist. According to the [Ory Network IP allowlist documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/allowlist), use the following IP addresses: - EU region: 34.22.170.75 and 35.242.228.133 - US region: 35.245.69.134 and 34.94.111.83 - Asia region: 35.200.122.55 4. Docker networking issues: If you're using Docker, ensure that your services can communicate with each other. As mentioned in the [Gin server connection issue](https://github.com/ory/kratos/discussions/3758), trying to connect to

127.0.0.1

from within a Docker container might not work. Instead, use the service name defined in your Docker Compose file. 5. Webhook configuration: Make sure your webhook is properly configured in the Ory Console or through the Ory CLI. Pay attention to the order of hooks, especially if you're using the "session" hook, as it can affect the execution of other hooks. If you're still experiencing issues after checking these potential causes, you may need to provide more specific information about your setup and configuration for further troubleshooting.

A message from kapa.ai

Based on your mention of using Docker, there are a few specific considerations to keep in mind when dealing with the "connection refused" error in a Docker environment: 1. Docker networking: When using Docker, services running in containers cannot directly connect to the host machine using

localhost

or

127.0.0.1

. As mentioned in the [Gin server connection issue](https://github.com/ory/kratos/discussions/3758), trying to connect to

127.0.0.1

from within a Docker container will not work as expected. 2. Service discovery: Instead of using

localhost

, you should use the service name defined in your Docker Compose file to connect to other services. For example, if your Ory Kratos service is named "kratos" in the Docker Compose file, other services should connect to it using

<http://kratos:4433>

instead of

<http://localhost:4433>

. 3. Network configuration: Ensure that all your services are on the same Docker network. You can define a custom network in your Docker Compose file and attach all relevant services to it. 4. Port mapping: Make sure you've correctly mapped the container ports to host ports in your Docker Compose file or Docker run command. 5. Host configuration: If you're trying to connect to the Docker container from the host machine, use

localhost

with the mapped port. To resolve the issue, you could try the following: 1. Review your Docker Compose file and ensure all services are on the same network. 2. Update your configuration to use service names instead of

localhost

or IP addresses. 3. Check that ports are correctly mapped and exposed. If you're still experiencing issues, it would be helpful to see your Docker Compose file and the specific configuration you're using for the webhook. This would allow for more targeted troubleshooting of your Docker setup.

I apologize for the confusion in my previous response. You're correct that you're using Docker, and I'll focus on that aspect. When using Docker with Ory webhooks, there are a few key points to consider: 1. Docker networking: As mentioned in the [Gin server connection issue](https://github.com/ory/kratos/discussions/3758), connecting to

127.0.0.1

or

localhost

from within a Docker container won't work as expected. Instead, you should use the service name defined in your Docker Compose file. 2. Service discovery: Use the service name to connect to other services. For example, if your Ory Kratos service is named "kratos" in the Docker Compose file, other services should connect to it using

<http://kratos:4433>

instead of

<http://127.0.0.1:4433>

. 3. Network configuration: Ensure all your services are on the same Docker network. You can define a custom network in your Docker Compose file and attach all relevant services to it. 4. Container IP: If you need to connect to a service running on the host machine from within a Docker container, you can use

host.docker.internal

on macOS and Windows, or the host's IP address on Linux. To resolve the "connection refused" error, try the following: 1. Update your webhook URL configuration to use the appropriate service name or container IP instead of

localhost

or

127.0.0.1

. 2. Ensure all services are on the same Docker network. 3. Check that ports are correctly mapped and exposed in your Docker Compose file. If you're still experiencing issues, it would be helpful to see your Docker Compose file and the specific configuration you're using for the webhook. This would allow for more targeted troubleshooting of your Docker setup.