A message from kapa.ai

Yes, this could indeed be caused by Ory, specifically by Ory Oathkeeper's error handling mechanism. The

www_authenticate

error handler is one of the error handlers provided by Ory Oathkeeper. According to the [Ory Oathkeeper documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/error#error-handlers), the

www_authenticate

error handler responds with HTTP 401 and a

WWW-Authenticate

HTTP Header. This is exactly what you're experiencing in your request. Here's a brief explanation of how it works: 1. When an unauthorized request is made, Oathkeeper can be configured to use the

www_authenticate

error handler. 2. This handler responds with a 401 Unauthorized status and includes a

WWW-Authenticate

header in the response. 3. The

realm

in the

WWW-Authenticate

header can be customized to display a specific message. Here's an example configuration for the

www_authenticate

error handler:

json {   handler: "json",   config: {     realm: "Please enter your username and password", // Defaults to `Please authenticate.`     when: [       // ...     ],   }, }

It's worth noting that this error handler is described as "exotic" in the documentation, as

WWW-Authenticate

isn't a common pattern in today's web applications. If you're not expecting this behavior, you might want to review your Ory Oathkeeper configuration to see if the

www_authenticate

error handler is being used, and potentially consider using a different error handler if it doesn't suit your needs. [Ory Oathkeeper Error Handlers](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/error#error-handlers)

Yes, this issue can also occur with Ory Network, as Ory Network is a cloud-based implementation of Ory's open-source technologies, including Ory Oathkeeper. According to a GitHub issue in the Ory Network repository, a similar problem was reported where a user encountered a

WWW-Authenticate

header in the response. The Ory team member investigating the issue mentioned that it could be related to the configuration of Oathkeeper in the Ory Network infrastructure [Ory Network Issue #269](https://github.com/ory/network/issues/269). The team member stated: > Actually, it's possible that we have a bug in our firewall here. Moving to network This suggests that the

WWW-Authenticate

header could be added by Ory Network's infrastructure, which includes Oathkeeper as part of its setup. It's important to note that this behavior might not always be intentional or desired. If you're experiencing this issue with Ory Network and it's causing problems for your application, you should consider reaching out to Ory support or opening an issue on their GitHub repository. They may be able to help you adjust the configuration or provide a workaround if it's indeed a bug in their system. Remember, Ory Network is a managed service that includes various Ory components, so the exact configuration and behavior might differ slightly from a self-hosted Oathkeeper instance. Always refer to the most up-to-date Ory Network documentation or contact their support for the most accurate information regarding your specific setup.