Based on the information provided in the knowledge sources, there isn't a direct way to allow SSO (Single Sign-On) users to use a password in Ory. SSO and password-based authentication are typically separate authentication methods. However, I can provide some relevant information about authentication options in Ory: 1. Ory supports multiple authentication methods, including password-based authentication and social sign-in (which includes SSO providers) [Login and registration using passwords](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/concepts/credentials/username-email-password). 2. For password-based authentication, Ory allows users to register and log in using a combination of an identifier (username, email, or phone number) and a password [Login and registration using passwords](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/concepts/credentials/username-email-password). 3. Ory also supports social sign-in methods, which can include various SSO providers [Social sign-in documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/social-signin/overview). 4. It's possible to enable multiple authentication methods simultaneously. For example, you can have both password and social sign-in (OIDC) methods enabled [Registration configuration](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-registration). 5. Ory allows for account linking, where users can connect multiple authentication methods to a single account. This could potentially allow SSO users to add a password to their account later, but it would be a separate process from their initial SSO authentication [Automatic account linking](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/social-signin/link-multiple-provider-account#automatic-account-linking). However, it's important to note that allowing SSO users to directly use a password instead of their SSO method would go against the principle of SSO, which is designed to provide a single set of credentials for multiple applications. If you need more specific information or have a particular use case in mind, you might want to consult the Ory documentation further or reach out to Ory support for tailored advice.

To perform a login flow from the command line using SSO (Single Sign-On) with Ory, you can use the Ory CLI. Here's a step-by-step guide based on the provided knowledge sources: 1. First, ensure you have the Ory CLI installed. If not, you can [install it following the Ory CLI installation guide](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/cli/installation). 2. Use the

ory perform authorization-code

command to initiate the OAuth2 Authorization Code Flow, which is typically used for SSO. Here's an example command:

bash ory perform authorization-code \   --project $project_id \   --client-id $code_client_id \   --client-secret $code_client_secret

Replace

$project_id

,

$code_client_id

, and

$code_client_secret

with your actual project ID, client ID, and client secret respectively [Run your own OAuth2 Server](https://www.ory.sh/run-oauth2-server-open-source-api-security/#perform-oauth2-authorization-code-flow). 3. This command will start a local web server and open a browser window. If the browser doesn't open automatically, navigate to

<http://127.0.0.1:5555/>

[Try out custom OAuth2 login and consent](https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/guides/custom-ui-oauth2#start-a-local-web-server-acting-as-oauth2-client). 4. In the browser, you'll be prompted to log in using your SSO credentials. The exact flow may vary depending on your SSO provider configuration. 5. After successful authentication, you'll be redirected back to the CLI, which will display the access token, refresh token, and ID token [Run your own OAuth2 Server](https://www.ory.sh/run-oauth2-server-open-source-api-security/#perform-oauth2-authorization-code-flow). It's important to note that while this process starts from the command line, it does require browser interaction for the actual SSO login. This is because SSO typically involves redirects and web-based authentication flows that can't be fully replicated in a command-line environment. If you need a fully automated, non-interactive process, you might want to explore other authentication methods that Ory supports, such as the Client Credentials Grant, which is more suitable for machine-to-machine authentication [Try common OAuth2 Grants](https://www.ory.sh/docs/getting-started/ory-network-oauth2).

To perform an API login flow with Ory Network for a user using SSO (Single Sign-On), you'll need to follow a specific process. Here's a step-by-step guide based on the information from the knowledge sources: 1. Initialize the Login Flow: Make a GET request to the API-flow initialization endpoint:

curl -s -X GET \        -H "Accept: application/json" \        <https://your-project-slug.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/api>

This will return a JSON response containing a

flow

ID and other details [Login for API Clients and Clients without Browsers](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-for-api-clients-and-clients-without-browsers). 2. Handle the OIDC (OpenID Connect) flow: When using SSO, you'll be working with the

oidc

method. The process involves the following steps: a. Submit the form to Ory Network to initiate the SSO process. b. Ory Network will respond with a 422 status code and provide a

redirect_browser_to

URL in the response [Login form validation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-form-validation). c. Open this URL in a browser or webview for the user to authenticate with the SSO provider. d. After successful authentication, the SSO provider will redirect back to Ory Network. e. Ory Network will then redirect to your application's

return_to

URL with a

code

parameter [Social sign-in for native and mobile apps](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/social-signin/native-apps#implementation). 3. Exchange the code for a session token: Once you have the

code

, you can exchange it for a session token:

curl -X POST \        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \        -d '{"code": "the_code_you_received"}' \        <https://your-project-slug.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/methods/oidc/callback>

This will return a session token that you can use for authenticated requests [Social sign-in for native and mobile apps](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/social-signin/native-apps#implementation). It's important to note that while this is an API-based flow, it still requires user interaction in a browser or webview for the actual SSO authentication. This is because SSO providers typically require a web-based flow for security reasons. Also, make sure you have configured your SSO provider in your Ory Network project settings and that you're using the correct project slug in the API URLs [Connecting a project to the SSO provider](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/social-signin/ory#connecting-a-project-to-the-sso-provider). Remember to handle errors appropriately, such as when the SSO authentication fails or when the user denies access [Login form validation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-form-validation).

Based on the information provided in the knowledge sources, it is not possible to perform the SSO (Single Sign-On) login entirely from the command line without redirecting to a browser when using Ory Network. The SSO process inherently requires user interaction in a web-based environment for security reasons. Here's why: 1. The API login flow for SSO users involves initiating the flow, then redirecting to the SSO provider for authentication [Login for API Clients and Clients without Browsers](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-for-api-clients-and-clients-without-browsers). 2. The SSO authentication process typically involves web-based flows with redirects that can't be fully replicated in a command-line environment [Try out custom OAuth2 login and consent](https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/guides/custom-ui-oauth2#start-a-local-web-server-acting-as-oauth2-client). 3. Even when using the Ory CLI for OAuth2 flows, which is the closest to a command-line SSO login, it still requires opening a browser for the actual authentication:

bash    ory perform authorization-code \      --project $project_id \      --client-id $code_client_id \      --client-secret $code_client_secret

This command starts a local web server and opens a browser window for authentication [Run your own OAuth2 Server](https://www.ory.sh/run-oauth2-server-open-source-api-security/#perform-oauth2-authorization-code-flow). The need for browser interaction is a fundamental aspect of how SSO and OAuth2 flows are designed to work securely. These protocols rely on web-based redirects and interactions that can't be safely replicated in a pure command-line environment without compromising security. If you need a fully automated, non-interactive process, you might want to explore other authentication methods that Ory supports, such as the Client Credentials Grant, which is more suitable for machine-to-machine authentication. However, these methods would not use SSO and would not authenticate as a specific user. For SSO-based user authentication, you'll need to incorporate a browser or webview component into your flow, even when initiating the process via an API.

Based on the information provided in the knowledge sources, it is possible to enable the password method for users who initially signed up using SSO (Single Sign-On), but it requires some additional steps and considerations. Here's what you need to know: 1. Ory supports multiple authentication methods simultaneously, including password-based authentication and social sign-in (which includes SSO providers) [Login and registration using passwords](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/concepts/credentials/username-email-password). 2. Ory allows for account linking, where users can connect multiple authentication methods to a single account. This feature could potentially allow SSO users to add a password to their account later [Automatic account linking](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/social-signin/link-multiple-provider-account#automatic-account-linking). 3. However, it's important to note that enabling password authentication for SSO users isn't a straightforward process and may require careful consideration of security implications. For instance, you'd need to ensure that the user's identity is properly verified before allowing them to set a password. 4. If you decide to implement this, you would likely need to create a custom flow that allows SSO-authenticated users to set up a password for their account. This would involve: - Verifying the user's SSO session - Providing a UI for the user to set a password - Using Ory's APIs to update the user's identity with the new password credential 5. Keep in mind that allowing SSO users to use passwords might go against the principle of SSO, which is designed to provide a single set of credentials for multiple applications [Login and registration using passwords](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/concepts/credentials/username-email-password). 6. It's also worth noting that Ory recommends against implementing insecure authentication mechanisms like security questions, which have been associated with high-profile security breaches in the past [What does Ory recommend?](https://www.ory.sh/overview-login-password-passkey-webauthn-totp-sso-faceid/#what-does-ory-recommend). In conclusion, while it's technically possible to enable password authentication for SSO users, it requires careful implementation and consideration of security implications. If you decide to pursue this approach, you may want to consult with Ory's support team for guidance on the best way to implement it securely within your specific use case.

I apologize, but I don't have specific information about the error message you're encountering with gomail. The error seems to be related to email sending and verification, but it's not directly related to Ory's services or products based on the knowledge sources provided. However, I can provide some general information about email verification in the context of Ory: 1. Ory supports email verification for user accounts. This is typically set up in the identity schema configuration [Account activation and email verification settings](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-hosted/account-activation-email-verification). 2. For email verification to work, you need to configure the SMTP connection in your Ory configuration file [Account activation and email verification settings](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-hosted/account-activation-email-verification). 3. When using custom domains with Ory Network, it's recommended to use a custom SMTP server that matches your domain to prevent emails from being marked as spam [Automated emails](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/custom-domains#automated-emails). The error message you're seeing suggests that the email address you're trying to send from is not verified in the AWS SES (Simple Email Service) in the US-EAST-1 region. This is likely not directly related to Ory, but rather to your email sending configuration. To resolve this issue, you might need to: 1. Verify the email address you're sending from in AWS SES. 2. Check if you're using the correct SMTP credentials and settings. 3. Ensure that your AWS account is out of the SES sandbox if you're sending to non-verified recipients. If you're using Ory and encountering issues with email sending, I'd recommend checking your Ory configuration for SMTP settings and ensuring they're correct. If the problem persists, you might want to consult Ory's support channels for more specific assistance.

To configure Ory to use your custom domain for recovery links instead of oryapis.com, you need to set up a custom domain for your Ory Network project. Here's how you can do it: 1. Set up a custom domain: Go to the Ory Console and navigate to Branding → Custom domains. Add your custom domain here. This feature is only available on paid plans [Set up custom domains](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/custom-domains). 2. Configure CNAME record: After adding the custom domain, you'll need to set up a CNAME record with your DNS provider. Ory will provide you with the necessary information for this step [Setting up a CNAME record](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/custom-domains#setting-up-a-cname-record). 3. Update the base redirect URI: To ensure that recovery links use your custom domain, you need to update the base redirect URI. You can do this in the Ory Console or using the Ory CLI: Using Ory CLI:

bash    ory patch identity-config <project-id> \      --add '/selfservice/methods/link/config/base_url="<https://ory.example.org>"'

Replace

<http://ory.example.org|ory.example.org>

with your custom domain [Magic links use old custom domain name](https://www.ory.sh/docs/troubleshooting/magic-link-verification-url). 4. Configure custom SMTP server (recommended): To prevent emails from being marked as spam, it's recommended to configure a custom SMTP server that matches your domain. You can set this up in the Ory Console or in your configuration file [Automated emails](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/custom-domains#automated-emails). 5. Update OAuth2 Issuer URL (if using OAuth2): If you're using OAuth2, update the OAuth2 Issuer URL to match your custom domain. This ensures that all OAuth2-related URLs, including those in recovery emails, use your custom domain [Troubleshooting OAuth2 JWT Profile](https://www.ory.sh/docs/troubleshooting/oauth2-trust-audience). After completing these steps, your recovery links should use your custom domain instead of oryapis.com. Remember to test the configuration to ensure everything is working as expected. If you encounter any issues, such as the old domain still being used in recovery links, you may need to force an update of the configuration. You can do this with the following CLI command:

bash ory patch identity-config <your-project-id> \   --remove '/selfservice/methods/link/config/base_url'

This will remove the old configuration and allow Ory to automatically update it with your current custom domain [Magic links use old custom domain name](https://www.ory.sh/docs/troubleshooting/magic-link-verification-url).

I apologize for the inconvenience you're experiencing with the

ory list relationships

command timing out. Based on the information provided in the knowledge sources, I can offer some insights and potential solutions: 1. Timeout behavior: The Ory CLI implements a retry policy for webhook delivery, attempting to deliver the payload up to three times with a 30-second timeout between each attempt [Webhook retries](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/integrate-with-ory-cloud-through-webhooks#webhook-retries). While this is not directly related to the

list relationships

command, it suggests that Ory operations have built-in timeout mechanisms. 2. Command usage: The

ory list relationships

command is used to list relation tuples matching a given partial tuple. It returns paginated results [ory list relationships](https://www.ory.sh/docs/cli/ory-list-relationships). 3. Potential solutions: a. Use pagination: The command supports pagination. Try using the

--page-size

and

--page-token

flags to retrieve results in smaller chunks:

ory list relationships --page-size 50 --project <project-id>

b. Apply filters: Use the available filters to narrow down the results:

ory list relationships --namespace <namespace> --object <object> --relation <relation> --project <project-id>

c. Check your network connection: Ensure you have a stable internet connection. d. Verify your configuration: Make sure your Ory CLI is correctly configured with the right project and workspace:

ory list projects --workspace <workspace-id>

4. If the issue persists: Consider reaching out to Ory support. While there's no specific mention of this particular timeout issue in the provided knowledge sources, Ory recommends contacting support for project-specific issues [Custom domain certificate expired](https://github.com/ory/network/issues/372). Remember to include your project ID and any error messages when seeking help. If you need to share sensitive information, it's best to contact Ory support directly at support@ory.sh rather than using public channels.