The callback URL, also known as the redirect URI, is a crucial part of the OAuth2 flow. It is the URL where the service redirects the user after the user authorizes (or denies) your application. This URL is also where your application handles authorization codes or access tokens. In the context of Ory, the callback URL can be a frontend page or an endpoint, depending on your application's architecture and the specific OAuth2 flow you're implementing. For example, in the [Authorization Code flow](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc/authorization-code-flow#web-server-app-and-confidential-client), the callback URL is typically a server-side endpoint that can securely handle the exchange of the authorization code for an access token. However, it's important to note that the callback URL needs to be correctly specified during the registration process, as it's a critical part of OAuth2 flows. Without a correctly specified redirect URI, OAuth2 flows can't be completed successfully, resulting in an error for the user. In the context of integrating with GitLab, the callback URL is created on the GitLab side and needs to be resolvable on the user's browser. This is achieved by setting the

external_url

in the GitLab configuration to match the generated callback URL. Sources: - [OAuth2 fundamentals](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc/overview/oauth2-concepts#creating-oauth2-clients) - [GitLab configuration - OAuth 2 setup](https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/self-hosted/gitlab#gitlab-configuration---oauth-2-setup)

The error message you're seeing indicates that the

redirect_uri

you're using doesn't match any of the redirect URIs that were pre-registered for your OAuth2 client. To pre-register a new

redirect_uri

, you need to update your OAuth2 client's configuration. You can do this using the Ory Console, Ory CLI, Ory SDK, or REST API. Here's how you can do it using the Ory CLI:

bash ory update oauth2-client {client.id} \    --redirect-uri <https://a-new-callback>

Replace

{client.id}

with your OAuth2 client's ID and

<https://a-new-callback>

with your new callback URL. If you're using the Ory SDK, you can use the

setOAuth2Client

function to update your OAuth2 client's configuration:

javascript import { Configuration, OAuth2Api, OAuth2Client } from "@ory/client"      const ory = new OAuth2Api(    new Configuration({    basePath: `https://${process.env.ORY_PROJECT_SLUG}.<http://projects.oryapis.com|projects.oryapis.com>`,    accessToken: process.env.ORY_API_KEY,    }),   )      export async function updateOAuth2Client(    id: string,    update: Partial<OAuth2Client>,   ) {    // setOAuth2Client replaces all values (empty ones too),    // which is why we include the original client.    const { data: original } = await ory.getOAuth2Client({ id })    await ory.setOAuth2Client({    id,    oAuth2Client: {    ...original,    ...update,    },    })   }

In this code, replace

id

with your OAuth2 client's ID and

update

with your new callback URL. You don't need to create a new OAuth2 client unless you want to use a different set of configurations. For more information, refer to the [Ory documentation on updating an OAuth2 client](https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/guides/oauth2-clients#update-oauth2-client).

The error message you're seeing typically indicates that the command you're trying to run is expecting a different number of arguments than what you're providing. In the case of the

ory update oauth2-client

command, it expects the client ID as the only positional argument. The

--redirect-uri

is an option, not an argument. Here's the correct syntax:

bash ory update oauth2-client {client.id} --redirect-uri <https://a-new-callback>

Replace

{client.id}

with your OAuth2 client's ID and

<https://a-new-callback>

with your new callback URL. If you're still encountering issues, please refer to the [Ory CLI documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/cli/ory-update-oauth2-client#ory-update-oauth2-client) for more information.

The error message you're seeing indicates that you need to specify the project you're working with. You can do this by using the

--project

flag followed by your project ID or slug. Here's how you can do it:

bash ory update oauth2-client {{client.id}} --redirect-uri <https://a-new-callback> --project {{project.id}}

Replace

{{client.id}}

with your OAuth2 client's ID,

<https://a-new-callback>

with your new callback URL, and

{{project.id}}

with your project ID or slug. If you're frequently working with the same project, you can set it as the default project using the

ory use project

command:

bash ory use project {{project.id}}

Replace

{{project.id}}

with your project ID or slug. This will set the specified project as the default for future commands. For more information, please refer to the [Ory CLI documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/cli/ory-update-oauth2-client#ory-update-oauth2-client) and [Ory use project documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/cli/ory-use-project#ory-use-project).

The error message you're seeing indicates that the OAuth2 client is trying to request a scope (

read:badges

) that it's not allowed to request. In OAuth2, scopes are used to specify the level of access that a client has to a user's resources. They are included in the authorization request and must be allowed by both the OAuth2 server and the user. If you're seeing this error, it means that the

read:badges

scope is either not supported by the OAuth2 server or not allowed for the client. To resolve this issue, you can do one of the following: 1. Remove the

read:badges

scope from your authorization request if it's not necessary for your application. 2. If the

read:badges

scope is necessary, check your OAuth2 server's configuration to ensure that this scope is supported and allowed for your client. You might need to update your client's configuration to include this scope. Here's how you can update your client's configuration using the Ory CLI:

bash ory update oauth2-client {{client.id}} --allowed-scope read:badges --project {{project.id}}

Replace

{{client.id}}

with your OAuth2 client's ID and

{{project.id}}

with your project ID or slug. For more information, please refer to the [Ory documentation on OAuth2 scopes](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc/overview/oauth2-concepts#oauth2-scopes-represent-user-consent) and [updating an OAuth2 client](https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/guides/oauth2-clients#update-oauth2-client).

I apologize for the confusion. The

--allowed-scope

flag is not a valid option for the

ory update oauth2-client

command. In Ory, scopes are not directly associated with clients but are part of the OAuth2 and OpenID Connect protocols. They are used in requests made by the client, and the server decides whether a scope is valid or not. If you're seeing an

invalid_scope

error, it's likely that the scope

read:badges

is not recognized by the server. You should check the server's configuration or the service you're integrating with to ensure that

read:badges

is a valid scope. If

read:badges

is a custom scope you've defined, make sure it's correctly configured in your server. If it's a scope defined by a third-party service, check their documentation to ensure you're using it correctly. For more information about scopes in Ory, you can refer to the [Ory documentation on OAuth2 scopes](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc/overview/oauth2-concepts#oauth2-scopes-represent-user-consent).