<@U04UQ68083H> how to transfer ownership of ory pr...
# ory-copilot
b
@chilly-king-10285 how to transfer ownership of ory project
c
A message from kapa.ai
Hmm, I don't know enough to give you a confident answer yet. The provided extracts do not contain information on how to transfer ownership of an Ory project. I recommend checking the official Ory documentation or reaching out to their support for further assistance.
b
@chilly-king-10285 how to do machine to machine authentication in Ory Network
c
A message from kapa.ai
Ory Network uses OAuth2 for machine-to-machine communication. OAuth2 is an industry-standard protocol that enables secure machine-to-machine communication and grants limited access to data and services on behalf of users. Ory OAuth2 and OpenID Connect, built on top of the widely deployed open-source [Ory Hydra Federation Server](https://github.com/ory/hydra), is available out of the box in the Ory Network. While the specific steps for setting up machine-to-machine authentication are not detailed in the provided extracts, the general process would involve creating an OAuth2 client for each machine, and then using the OAuth2 protocol to authenticate and authorize each machine. For more detailed instructions, you should refer to the [Ory Hydra documentation](https://github.com/ory/hydra) and the [Ory OAuth2 and OpenID Connect documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc).
b
@chilly-king-10285 is ory network pricing per project?
c
A message from kapa.ai
I'm sorry, but the provided extracts do not contain specific information about the pricing structure of Ory Network. For accurate and detailed information about Ory Network's pricing, I recommend visiting their official website or contacting their support team.
b
@chilly-king-10285 how do you define permissions for the machine user when using Oauth 2.0 for m2m authorization
c
A message from kapa.ai
In the Ory ecosystem, permissions are managed through the Ory Permissions system, which is based on the open-source [Ory Keto Permission Server](https://github.com/ory/keto). This system allows you to create a complete authorization system for your application or website, no matter the size or the complexity of the ACLs (access-control lists) your use case requires. To define permissions for a machine user in a machine-to-machine (M2M) scenario, you would typically use the Ory Permission Language to create permission models that fit your exact use case. This could be Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), or any other custom model that fits your needs. Here's a general process: 1. Define your permission model: This involves identifying the resources you want to protect, the actions that can be performed on those resources, and the roles or attributes that determine who can perform those actions. 2. Implement your permission model using the Ory Permission Language: This is a developer-friendly, TypeScript-based configuration language that you can use to define your permission model in a way that the Ory Permissions system can understand. 3. Apply your permission model to your OAuth2 clients: When you create an OAuth2 client for a machine user, you would assign it the roles or attributes that you defined in your permission model. This determines what the machine user can and cannot do. Please note that the specific steps and code examples for defining permissions using the Ory Permission Language are not provided in the extracts. For more detailed instructions and code examples, you should refer to the [Ory Permission Language specification](https://www.ory.sh/docs/keto/reference/ory-permission-language) and the [Ory Keto documentation](https://github.com/ory/keto).
b
@chilly-king-10285 walk me through how to create an oauth client for M2M
c
A message from kapa.ai
Sure, here's a step-by-step guide on how to create an OAuth2 client for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication using the Ory CLI and the Client Credentials Grant, based on the information provided in the extracts: 1. Install the Ory CLI: Before you start, you need to have the Ory CLI installed. You can find the installation guide [here](https://www.ory.sh/docs/guides/cli/installation). 2. Create an Ory Network project: Use the Ory CLI to create a new project. Replace
"Ory OAuth2 Example"
with the name of your project.
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bash ory create project --name "Ory OAuth2 Example"   project_id="{set to the project ID from output}"
3. Create an OAuth2 client: Use the Ory CLI to create a new OAuth2 client. This client will be used for M2M communication. Replace
"Client Credentials Demo"
with the name of your client.
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bash ory create oauth2-client --project "$project_id" \    --name "Client Credentials Demo" \    --grant-type client_credentials
4. Export the ID and secret of the created client: The ID and secret of the client are needed for authentication. Replace
{set to CLIENT ID from output}
and
{set to CLIENT SECRET from output}
with the actual client ID and secret from the output.
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bash client_id="{set to CLIENT ID from output}"   client_secret="{set to CLIENT SECRET from output}"
5. Start the Client Credentials Grant: Use the Ory CLI to start the Client Credentials Grant. This will authenticate the client and grant it an access token.
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bash ory perform client-credentials \    --client-id="$client_id" \    --client-secret="$client_secret" \    --project "$project_id"
6. Perform token introspection: Use the Ory CLI to perform token introspection. This will give you the details of the
access_token
.
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bash # Export 'access_token'   access_token="{set to ACCESS TOKEN from output}"      # Perform token introspection   ory introspect token $access_token --project "$project_id"
Please note that this is a general guide and the specific steps may vary depending on your use case and configuration. For more detailed instructions, you should refer to the [Ory documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/getting-started/ory-network-oauth2#client-credentials-grant).
b
@chilly-king-10285 how would oathkeeper authentication/authorize a machine user? What should the machine user send?
c
A message from kapa.ai
Ory Oathkeeper uses a pipeline of handlers for the authentication and authorization process. For machine-to-machine (M2M) interactions, the machine user would typically send a request with some form of credentials, such as an OAuth 2.0 Access Token or a JSON Web Token (JWT). Here's a general overview of how Ory Oathkeeper would authenticate and authorize a machine user: 1. Authentication: The machine user sends an HTTP request with credentials. An authenticator in Ory Oathkeeper inspects the HTTP request (for example, the HTTP Authorization Header) and executes some business logic that returns true (for authentication ok) or false (for authentication invalid) as well as a subject ("user"). In the case of M2M, the "user" could be a machine. Each authenticator has two keys:
handler
and
config
. The
handler
defines the handler to be used (for example,
noop
), and
config
configures the handler. The configuration keys vary per handler and can be defined in the global configuration file or per access rule. Here's an example of how you might define an authenticator in an Access Rule:
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json    {       "authenticators": [       {        "handler": "noop",        "config": {}       }       ]      }
2. Authorization: After successful authentication, Ory Oathkeeper proceeds to the authorization step. Access Rules can check permissions. For example, to secure an API that requires certain privileges, you would configure the authorizer to check if the user ID from the authentication step has the necessary permission or role. Ory Oathkeeper supports a variety of authorizers. 3. Mutation: The Access Rule can add session data to the HTTP request that it forwards to the upstream API. For example, the mutator could add
X-User-ID: the-user-id
to the HTTP headers or generate a JWT with session information and set it as
Authorization: Bearer the.jwt.token
. For more detailed information, you can refer to the [Ory Oathkeeper documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn) and the [Ory Oathkeeper Decision Engine documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper#decision-engine).
b
@chilly-king-10285 how would I use oathkeeper to control access to the same endpoint for both machine and human users
c
A message from kapa.ai
Ory Oathkeeper uses a pipeline of handlers for the authentication and authorization process. You can define different authenticators for different types of users (machine or human) in the same access rule. Here's a general overview of how you might set this up: 1. Define Access Rules: Access rules define which requests are allowed (authorized) and how the HTTP request should be mutated before it's forwarded to the upstream server. You can define access rules for your API endpoints (for example OAuth 2.0 Access Token + certain set of permissions, a valid JSON Web Token, a valid SAML assertion, etc.) and put it - like a firewall - in front of your services. 2. Authentication: For each access rule, you can define multiple authenticators. An authenticator inspects the HTTP request and executes some business logic that returns true (for authentication ok) or false (for authentication invalid) as well as a subject ("user"). The subject is typically the "user" that made the request, but it could also be a machine (if you have machine-2-machine interaction) or something different. For example, you might use a JWT authenticator for machine users and a cookie session authenticator for human users. The JWT authenticator would check for a valid JWT in the
Authorization
header, while the cookie session authenticator would check for a valid session cookie. 3. Authorization: After successful authentication, Ory Oathkeeper proceeds to the authorization step. Access Rules can check permissions. For example, to secure an API that requires certain privileges, you would configure the authorizer to check if the user ID from the authentication step has the necessary permission or role. Ory Oathkeeper supports a variety of authorizers. 4. Mutation: The Access Rule can add session data to the HTTP request that it forwards to the upstream API. For example, the mutator could add
X-User-ID: the-user-id
to the HTTP headers or generate a JWT with session information and set it as
Authorization: Bearer the.jwt.token
. For more detailed information, you can refer to the [Ory Oathkeeper documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn) and the [Ory Oathkeeper Decision Engine documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper#decision-engine).
b
@chilly-king-10285 what happens when there are multiple authenticators defined on the same rule? Will it just try each one in order?
c
A message from kapa.ai
Yes, when multiple authenticators are defined in the same access rule, Ory Oathkeeper will try each authenticator in the order they are defined. The first authenticator that's able to handle the credentials will be consulted and other authenticators will be ignored. Here's an example:
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json {    "authenticators": [    {    "handler": "a"    },    {    "handler": "b"    },    {    "handler": "c"    }    ]   }
In this example, if handler
a
is able to handle the provided credentials, then handler
b
and
c
will be ignored. If handler
a
can't handle the provided credentials but handler
b
can, then handler
a
and
c
will be ignored. Handling the provided credentials means that the authenticator knows how to handle, for example, the
Authorization: basic
header. It doesn't mean that the credentials are valid! If a handler encounters invalid credentials, then other handlers will be ignored too. For more information, you can refer to the [Ory Oathkeeper documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oathkeeper/pipeline/authn).
b
@chilly-king-10285 curl --location 'https://<MY ORY NETWORK PROJECT>/admin/oauth2/introspect' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --header 'Authorization: Bearer <MY API KEY>' \ --data '{ "token": "<TOKEN I'M CHECKING>" }' { "error": "invalid_request", "error_description": "The request is missing a required parameter, includes an invalid parameter value, includes a parameter more than once, or is otherwise malformed. The POST body can not be empty." }
c
A message from kapa.ai
The error message you're seeing indicates that the request is missing a required parameter, includes an invalid parameter value, includes a parameter more than once, or is otherwise malformed. In your case, it seems like the POST body is empty. This could be due to the way you're passing the
token
parameter in the
--data
option. In
curl
, you need to make sure that the JSON data is properly formatted. Here's an example of how you might format your
curl
command:
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bash curl --location 'https://<MY ORY NETWORK PROJECT>/admin/oauth2/introspect' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --header 'Authorization: Bearer <MY API KEY>' \ --data '{"token": "<TOKEN I'M CHECKING>"}'
Make sure to replace
<MY ORY NETWORK PROJECT>
,
<MY API KEY>
, and
<TOKEN I'M CHECKING>
with your actual project URL, API key, and the token you're checking, respectively. If you're still encountering issues, I recommend checking the [Ory documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/reference/api) for more information on how to use the introspect endpoint.
b
@chilly-king-10285 should I define relationships based on the oauth client id?
c
A message from kapa.ai
In the context of Ory and OAuth 2.0, relationships are typically defined based on the user (or subject) rather than the OAuth client ID. The OAuth client ID is used to identify the client (application) making the request, not the user or the relationships between users. However, in some cases, you might use the OAuth client ID to define relationships between different applications or services. For example, you might have one service that acts as an OAuth client to another service, and you want to define a relationship between these two services. In the case of trust relationships, as described in the [Ory documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/guides/jwt#establishing-a-trust-relationship), these are established based on the issuer and subject, not the OAuth client ID. The issuer is the entity that issues the JWT, and the subject is the principal that is the subject of the JWT. Here's an example of how you might establish a trust relationship using the Ory SDK:
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javascript import { Configuration, OAuth2Api } from "@ory/client"      const ory = new OAuth2Api(    new Configuration({    basePath: `https://${process.env.ORY_PROJECT_SLUG}.<http://projects.oryapis.com|projects.oryapis.com>`,    accessToken: process.env.ORY_API_KEY,    }),   )      export async function createTrustRelation(accessToken: string) {    const { data } = await ory.trustOAuth2JwtGrantIssuer({    trustOAuth2JwtGrantIssuer: {    allow_any_subject: true,    subject: "some-subject-id",    expires_at: "2021-04-23T18:25:43.511Z",    issuer: "<https://example.org>",    jwk: {    alg: "RS256",    use: "sig",    kty: "RSA",    e: "AQAB",    kid: "d8e91f55-67e0-4e56-a066-6a5f0c2efdf7",    }    }    })   }
In this example, the
issuer
and
subject
are used to define the trust relationship, not the OAuth client ID. The
allow_any_subject
field indicates whether the issuer is allowed to have any principal as the subject of the JWT.
b
@chilly-king-10285 how do I map oauth client scopes to permissions in Ory Permissions
c
A message from kapa.ai
In Ory, scopes and permissions are two different concepts. Scopes are used in the OAuth2 protocol to specify the level of access that a client has to a user's resources. On the other hand, permissions in Ory Permissions (based on Ory Keto) are used to define what actions a user or a client can perform. Here's a general process of how you might map OAuth client scopes to permissions: 1. Define Scopes: When you create an OAuth2 client, you can define the scopes that the client can request. These scopes represent the level of access that the client has to the user's resources. 2. Define Permissions: In Ory Permissions, you can define permissions based on relationships, namespaces, objects, and subjects. These permissions define what actions a user or a client can perform. 3. Map Scopes to Permissions: The mapping of scopes to permissions is typically done in your application logic. When a client makes a request with a certain scope, your application would check the permissions of the client and determine if the client is allowed to perform the requested action. For example, if a client makes a request with the
read:calendar
scope, your application would check if the client has the
read
permission on the
calendar
object. Please note that the specific steps and code examples for mapping scopes to permissions are not provided in the extracts. For more detailed instructions and code examples, you should refer to the [Ory Keto documentation](https://github.com/ory/keto) and the [Ory OAuth2 and OpenID Connect documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc).
b
@chilly-king-10285 how would a machine user check if their access token obtained from a client credential grant is valid?
c
A message from kapa.ai
A machine user can check if their access token obtained from a client credential grant is valid by using the token introspection endpoint. This endpoint takes an access token as input and returns information about the token, including whether it is active (valid) or not. Here's an example of how you might use the token introspection endpoint with `curl`:
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bash curl --location 'https://<MY ORY NETWORK PROJECT>/admin/oauth2/introspect' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --header 'Authorization: Bearer <MY API KEY>' \ --data '{{"token": "<TOKEN I'M CHECKING>"}}'
Replace
<MY ORY NETWORK PROJECT>
,
<MY API KEY>
, and
<TOKEN I'M CHECKING>
with your actual project URL, API key, and the token you're checking, respectively. The response will be a JSON object that includes an
active
field. If
active
is
true
, then the token is valid. If
active
is
false
, then the token is not valid. Please note that the specific endpoint and method for token introspection may vary depending on your Ory configuration. For more detailed instructions, you should refer to the [Ory documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/oauth2-oidc/overview/oauth2-concepts#the-application-oauth2-client).